A new report from the IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry) finds that record labels spend $4.5 billion annually on A&R and marketing, continuing to invest in new music and new artists, despite the economic downturn. According to the IFPI, record labels spent $2.7 billion in 2011 on A&R, only marginally down on 2008 ($2.8 billion), despite an overall decline of 16 percent in the trade value of the industry globally over the same period. Revenues invested in A&R increased from 15 to 16 percent of industry turnover between 2008 and 2011.

The report found that music companies invest a greater proportion of their global revenues in A&R than most other sectors do in research and development. Comparisons show music industry investment exceeding that of industries including software and computing (9.6 percent) and the pharmaceutical and biotech sector (15.3 percent). The comparisons are based on the European Commission's 2011 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard.

Two new surveys, conducted in the UK and Germany in 2012, show more than 70 percent of unsigned acts want a record deal, with marketing leading the perceived benefits of record company support.

IFPI CEO Frances Moore says, "Investing in Music highlights a simple truth - that behind the highly visible world of artists who touch people's lives there is a less visible industry of enormous diversity, creativity and economic value. This report shows the role record companies, major and independent, play around the world in discovering, nurturing and promoting artistic talent."

The report features data from record companies and case studies from around the world. Other highlights of the report include:

• Labels are taking advantage of new digital media channels, running more focused, cost-effective promotional campaigns and increasing their use of social networking and new media. Reflecting this, the industry's marketing spend is estimated to have declined from $2.4 billion in 2008 to $1.7 billion in 2011. The fall is also put down partially to the impact of piracy and declining revenues, which has squeezed labels' marketing budgets.

•Unsigned artists want a record deal. Research conducted with The Unsigned Guide in the UK found 71 percent of unsigned acts wanted a recording contract. BVMI research in Germany found that 80 percent of unsigned artists wanted a recording contract. Marketing support is the most valued form of investment (with over 70 percent of artists citing this in both surveys), followed by tour support and the payment of an advance.

•The costs of breaking an artist in a major market remain substantial at up to $1.4 million. The cost typically breaks down as payment of an advance ($200,000), recording costs ($200,000-300,000), video production costs ($50,000-300,000), tour support ($100,000) and marketing and promotional costs ($200,000-500,000).

•Live performance has not replaced recordings as the driver of the music industry. While record companies invest $2.7 billion in A&R, there is little evidence of such substantial investment in new music coming from any other source. The top five global live acts of 2011 - U2, Bon Jovi, Take That, Roger Waters and Taylor Swift - all have substantial back catalogues of recorded material.

•Brand partnerships and synch deals have grown in importance. A recording deal unlocks a range of different revenue streams for artists and labels. These include a new generation of brand partnership and synchronisation deals, involving the use of recordings in TV, film, games and adverts. Synch income has increased from negligible figures in 2008 to $342 million globally by 2011. The report highlights the case study of Ellie Goulding, whose cover of Elton John's "Your Song" was used in an advertising campaign, generating direct income and also helping lift the sales of her album by an additional 400,000 copies

•Record companies invest in local talent and break it to a global audience. Domestic repertoire accounts for the majority of the Top 100 physical format album sales in all the industry's major markets: USA (62 percent), Japan (77 percent), Germany (55 percent), UK (53 percent) and France (54 percent). Industry executives believe the industry will widen its revenue base in the future, expanding beyond the 10 countries where it currently makes 80 percent of its revenues into new markets such as Brazil, China, India and Russia.